POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
PAPER- I
Political Theory and Indian Politics :

1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches.
2. Theories of state : Liberal, Neo-liberal, Marxist, Pluiralist, post-colonial and Feminist.
3. Justice : Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitarian
   critiques.
4. Equality : Social, political and economic; relationship between equality and freedom; Affirmative action.
5. Rights : Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; Concept of Human Rights.
6. Democracy : Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy—representative,
   participatory and deliberative.
7. Concept of power : hegemony, ideology and legitimacy.
8. Political Ideologies : Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism.
9. Indian Political Thought: Dharamshastra, Arthashastra and Buddhist Traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed
   Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, M. N. Roy.
10. Western Political Thought : Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, John S. Mill, Marx, Gramsci,
    Hannah Arendt.

Indian Government and Politics

1. Indian Nationalism :
   (a) Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle : Constitutionalism to mass Satyagraha, Non-
   cooperation, Civil Disobedience; Militant and Revolutionary Movements, Peasant and Workers Movements.
   (b) Perspectives on Indian National Movement; Liberal, Socialist and Marxist; Radical Humanist and
   Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply dalit.
2. Making of the Indian Constitution : Legacies of the British rule; different social and political
   perspectives.
3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution : The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive
   Principles; Parliamentary System and Amendment Procedures; Judicial Review and Basic Structure
   doctrine.
4. (a) Principal Organs of the Union Government : Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive,
   Legislature and Supreme Court.
   (b) Principal Organs of the State Government : Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive,
   Legislature and High Courts.
5. Grassroots Democracy : Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government; Significance of 73rd and 74th
   Amendments; Grassroot movements.
6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions : Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, Finance
   Commission, Union Public Service Commission, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National
   Commission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Women; National Human Rights Commission,
   National Commission for Minorities, National Backward Classes Commission.
7. Federalism : Constitutional provisions; changing nature of centre-state relations; integrationist
   tendencies and regional aspirations; inter-state disputes.
8. Planning and Economic development : Nehruvian and Gandhian perspectives; Role of planning and
   public sector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarian relations; liberalization and economic reforms.
9. Caste, Religion and Ethnicity in Indian Politics.
10. Party System : National and regional political parties, ideological and social bases of parties; Patterns
    of coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in electoral behaviour; changing socio-economic profile of
    Legislators.
11. Social Movement : Civil liberties and human rights movements; women’s movements; environmentalist
    movements.

PAPER-II

Comparative Politics and International Relations
Comparative Political Analysis and International Politics :

1. Comparative Politics : Nature and major approaches; Political economy and political sociology
   perspectives; Limitations of the comparative method.
2. State in Comparative Perspective : Characteristics and changing nature of the State in capitalist and
   socialist economies, and advanced industrial and developing societies.
3. Politics of Representation and Participation : Political parties, pressure groups and social movements
   in advanced industrial and developing societies.
4. Globalisation : Responses from developed and developing societies.
5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations : Idealist, Realist, Marxist, Functionalist and
   Systems theory.
6. Key Concepts in International Relations : National interest, security and power; Balance of power and
   deterrence; Transational actors and collective security; World capitalist economy and globalisation.
   Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
7. Changing International Political Order :
   (a) Rise of super powers; Strategic and ideological Bipolarity, arms race and cold war; Nuclear threat;
   (b) Non-aligned Movement : Aims and achievements.
   (c) Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity and American hegemony; Relevance of non-alignment in
   the contemporary world.
8. Evolution of the International Economic System : From Brettonwoods to WTO; Socialist economies and
   the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance); Third World demand for new international economic
   order; Globalisation of the world economy.
9. United Nations : Envisaged role and actual record; Specialized UN agencies—aims and functioning;
   need for UN reforms.
10. Regionalisation of World Politics : EU, ASEAN, APEC, AARC, NAFTA.
11. Contemporary Global Concerns : Democracy, human rights, environment, gender justice terrorism,
    nuclear proliferation.

India and the World

1. Indian Foreign Policy : Determinants of foreign policy; the institutions of policy-making; Continuity and
   change.
2. India’s Contribution to the Non-Alignment Movement Different phases; Current role.
3. India and South Asia :
   (a) Regional Co-operation : SAARC-past performance and future prospects.
   (b) South Asia as a Free Trade Area.
   (c) India’s “Look East” policy.
   (d) Impediments to regional co-operation : River water disputes; illegal cross border migration; Ethnic
   conflicts and insurgencies; Border disputes.
4. India and the Global South : Relations with Africa and Latin America; Leadership role in the demand
   for NIEO and WTO negotiations.
5. India and the Global Centres of Power : USA, EU, Japan, China and Russia.
6. India and the UN System: Role in UN Peace-keeping; Demand for Permanent Seat in the Security
   Council.
7. India and the Nuclear Question : Changing perceptions and policy.
8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign Policy : India’s position on the recent crises in Afghanistan,
   Iraq and West Asia, growing relations with US and Isreal; Vision of a new world order.

UPSC 2025 PSIR Syllabus

UPSC 2025 PSIR Syllabus