India’s National Symbols

National Anthem

• Title: Jana Gana Mana
• Composer: Rabindranath Tagore
• Adopted: January 24, 1950
• First Sung: December 27, 1911, at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress
• Duration: 52 seconds
• Language: Bengali (Sanskritized)
• Significance: The anthem reflects the unity and integrity of India.

2. National Song

• Title: Vande Mataram
• Author: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
• Published In: The novel Anandamath in 1882
• Adopted: The first two verses were given equal status with the National Anthem on January 24, 1950.
• Language: Sanskrit
• Significance: Vande Mataram played a crucial role during the Indian independence movement and symbolizes the country’s rich cultural heritage.

3. National Flag

• Design: Horizontal tricolor of deep saffron (Kesaria) at the top, white in the middle, and dark green at the bottom. The middle white band contains a navy blue wheel (Ashoka Chakra) with 24 spokes.
• Adopted: July 22, 1947
• Designer: Pingali Venkayya
• Symbolism:
  • Saffron: Courage and sacrifice
  • White: Truth, peace, and purity
  • Green: Faith and chivalry
  • Ashoka Chakra: Represents the eternal wheel of law (Dharma) and movement.

4. National Emblem

• Design: Adapted from the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath.
• Adopted: January 26, 1950
• Features: Four Asiatic lions standing back to back, symbolizing power, courage, pride, and confidence. The emblem also features a horse and a bull, and in the center is a Dharma Chakra (wheel).
• Motto: “Satyameva Jayate” (Truth Alone Triumphs) inscribed below the emblem in Devanagari script, taken from the Mundaka Upanishad.

5. National Animal

• Animal: Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
• Significance: Symbol of strength, power, and elegance. Represents the country’s rich wildlife heritage.

6. National Bird

• Bird: Indian Peafowl (Peacock) (Pavo cristatus)
• Significance: Represents grace, beauty, and elegance. The peacock is deeply entrenched in Indian art and culture.

7. National Flower

• Flower: Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
• Significance: Symbol of purity, beauty, and divinity. The lotus holds a sacred place in Indian culture and religion.

8. National Tree

• Tree: Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis)
• Significance: Symbolizes immortality and longevity due to its long lifespan and extensive root system.

9. National Fruit

• Fruit: Mango (Mangifera indica)
• Significance: Known as the “king of fruits,” it represents the country’s rich agricultural heritage.

10. National River

• River: Ganga
• Significance: Considered the holiest river in India, it holds immense religious significance and is a lifeline for millions of Indians.

11. National Currency Symbol

• Symbol: ₹ (Rupee)
• Designed By: Udaya Kumar
• Adopted: July 15, 2010
• Significance: Represents the Indian economy and combines the Devanagari “र” and the Latin letter “R.”

12. National Calendar

• Name: Saka Calendar
• Adopted: March 22, 1957
• New Year: Chaitra 1, corresponding to March 22 in the Gregorian calendar.
• Significance: It is used alongside the Gregorian calendar for official purposes.

13. National Pledge

• Text: “India is my country. All Indians are my brothers and sisters…”
• Author: Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao
• Significance: Recited in schools across India, it fosters a sense of patriotism and unity among students.

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