India’s national symbols
India’s National Symbols
National Anthem
- Title: Jana Gana Mana
- Composer: Rabindranath Tagore
- Adopted: January 24, 1950
- First Sung: December 27, 1911, at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress
- Duration: 52 seconds
- Language: Bengali (Sanskritized)
- Significance: The anthem reflects the unity and integrity of India.
2. National Song
- Title: Vande Mataram
- Author: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
- Published In: The novel Anandamath in 1882
- Adopted: The first two verses were given equal status with the National Anthem on January 24, 1950.
- Language: Sanskrit
- Significance: Vande Mataram played a crucial role during the Indian independence movement and symbolizes the country’s rich cultural heritage.
3. National Flag
- Design: Horizontal tricolor of deep saffron (Kesaria) at the top, white in the middle, and dark green at the bottom. The middle white band contains a navy blue wheel (Ashoka Chakra) with 24 spokes.
- Adopted: July 22, 1947
- Designer: Pingali Venkayya
- Symbolism:
- Saffron: Courage and sacrifice
- White: Truth, peace, and purity
- Green: Faith and chivalry
- Ashoka Chakra: Represents the eternal wheel of law (Dharma) and movement.
4. National Emblem
- Design: Adapted from the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath.
- Adopted: January 26, 1950
- Features: Four Asiatic lions standing back to back, symbolizing power, courage, pride, and confidence. The emblem also features a horse and a bull, and in the center is a Dharma Chakra (wheel).
- Motto: “Satyameva Jayate” (Truth Alone Triumphs) inscribed below the emblem in Devanagari script, taken from the Mundaka Upanishad.
5. National Animal
- Animal: Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
- Significance: Symbol of strength, power, and elegance. Represents the country’s rich wildlife heritage.
6. National Bird
- Bird: Indian Peafowl (Peacock) (Pavo cristatus)
- Significance: Represents grace, beauty, and elegance. The peacock is deeply entrenched in Indian art and culture.
7. National Flower
- Flower: Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
- Significance: Symbol of purity, beauty, and divinity. The lotus holds a sacred place in Indian culture and religion.
8. National Tree
- Tree: Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis)
- Significance: Symbolizes immortality and longevity due to its long lifespan and extensive root system.
9. National Fruit
- Fruit: Mango (Mangifera indica)
- Significance: Known as the “king of fruits,” it represents the country’s rich agricultural heritage.
10. National River
- River: Ganga
- Significance: Considered the holiest river in India, it holds immense religious significance and is a lifeline for millions of Indians.
11. National Currency Symbol
- Symbol: ₹ (Rupee)
- Designed By: Udaya Kumar
- Adopted: July 15, 2010
- Significance: Represents the Indian economy and combines the Devanagari “र” and the Latin letter “R.”
12. National Calendar
- Name: Saka Calendar
- Adopted: March 22, 1957
- New Year: Chaitra 1, corresponding to March 22 in the Gregorian calendar.
- Significance: It is used alongside the Gregorian calendar for official purposes.
13. National Pledge
- Text: “India is my country. All Indians are my brothers and sisters…”
- Author: Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao
- Significance: Recited in schools across India, it fosters a sense of patriotism and unity among students.
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